Area
Homeland Mediterranean coastal states. It is grown in Moldova, Ukraine, Krasnodar Krai and Crimea.
Botanical description of the plant
Dorivor marmarak (mavrak) - Salvia officinalis L .; belongs to the family Lamiaceae (Labiatae). Perennial, semi-shrub up to 20-50 cm tall. Stems numerous, branched, deciduous, quadrangular, the lower part slightly sloping. The leaf is simple, elongated, the upper part of the stem is bandless, arranged opposite the stem. The flowers are short-banded, small, forming a spike-shaped false inflorescence at the top of the stem and branches. The flower has a curved inflorescence with two lips, sertuk, the inflorescence is two-lipped, blue-purple, the father is two, the maternal node is four-lobed, located at the top. Fruit - consists of 4 pods. It blooms in June-July.
Medicinal properties
All organs of the plant contain essential oil. The leaves contain 0.5-2.5% of essential oil, alkaloids, additives, flavonoids, ursol and oleanolic acids and other compounds. According to XI DF, the content of essential oil in the product should not be less than 1% in the whole product and 0.8% in the cut product. Essential oil contains up to 15% of cineole, tuyon, pinene, borneol, camphor, cedar and other compounds. Medicinal marmalade leaf preparations are used as a laxative, disinfectant and anti-inflammatory drug in inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, for mouth (stomatitis and gingivitis) and gargling. Medicinal products. Drip. Marmara leaf is used in tea, as well as broncholetin, a remedy used for inflammation of the throat, chest, upper respiratory tract, gastric diseases and diarrhea. From the leaves of Marmarak is obtained the drug "Salvin". Its 0.1 and 0.25% solutions in two isotonic solutions of sodium chloride in water are used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity (gingivitis, stomatitis, periodontitis), purulent, tropical and bone fractures.
Growing technology
It is necessary to grow mavrak on irrigated lands, taking into account the soil and its climate in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is necessary to grow more and better quality raw materials. Many years of scientific observations have shown that in relation to medicinal plants growing in the wild, the content of biologically active substances in the cultivars is fully preserved. Proper and timely collection of plant raw materials is of great importance in the preservation of a large number of components in their composition and in the full use of these substances in medicine. In order to get a high and quality product from the medicinal mavrak plant, it is necessary to carry out agro-technical measures at a high level. Among all agro-technical measures aimed at obtaining high yields from medicinal plants, tillage is of paramount importance. Because when the land is cultivated, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil improve, as well as the efficiency of all agro-technical measures increases, plant growth and development is accelerated. Mavrak is a heat-loving, seed-loving, drought-resistant crop that can be used for 4-5 years to get high yields. Mavrak sown lands are prepared in autumn and plowed to a depth of 25-30 cm, giving 20 tons of local fertilizer per hectare and 70% of the annual norm of phosphorus fertilizer for good plant development during the growing season in order to keep the soil fertile. In early spring the ground is leveled and cleared of weed debris. Seeds are sown in early March-April at a soil temperature of 15-17 ° C with row spacing of 60-70 cm at a depth of 2-4 cm in vegetable sowing equipment and consume an average of 8 kg of quality seeds per hectare. Mavrak can also be axed in late autumn. Grasses begin to germinate in 12-14 days after sowing seeds in spring. In the early days slow growth of grasses is observed and the soil is cultivated and loosened so that it does not get stuck among the weeds. When two weeds multiply when the mavrak is densely planted, it is important to prevent the growth of hand fungi and pests on the plants when the spring rains come. When two pairs of petals are formed on the plant stem, the nests are formed every 15 cm, leaving 2-3 plants. It is recommended to cultivate between the rows carefully without damaging the root system of plants. Irrigation should be stratified depending on soil moisture and plant condition. During the season, it is recommended to water the mavrak 7-8 times in the first year. During periods of increased leaf surface and root system development, it requires a lot of water. Fertilization of mavrak is one of the most important agro-technical factors for good growth and development of mavrak. It is recommended to apply fertilizers to a depth of 10-12 cm. The second feeding is carried out in the grazing phase, before irrigation by applying 30 kg of nitrogen and 20 kg of phosphorus fertilizer per hectare, and its development is further accelerated. The last feeding is completed by applying 40 kg of nitrogen and 25 kg of potassium fertilizer per hectare during the flowering period of the mavrak plant. Potassium fertilizers significantly increase the frost resistance of mavrak. Mavrak plant requires a lot of nutrients during development, especially during the flowering phase. Plant feeding is carried out before watering. With this in mind, during the growing season, it is better to feed 100-110 kg of nitrogen, 70 kg of phosphorus and 50 kg of potassium fertilizers per hectare. In the first year, the leaves of the mavrak planted are harvested once in September. In the second year, before the start of the season, the upper part of the plant is pruned, leaving 5-8 cm, the old branches are cut off and removed from the field. The first harvest will be completed in late September. If agro-technical measures are carried out at a high level, in our conditions it is possible to collect the leaves of mawrak 3 times.
