Grek yong'og'i
Juglans regia is a species of tree of the genus Walnut of the Walnut family (Juglandaceae). A valuable fruit crop known since ancient times. Other Russian names for the plant are Voloshsky nut, royal nut, and Greek nut. Large tree up to 25 m tall. The thick trunk is covered with gray bark, the branches form an extensive crown with a diameter of about 20 m.
The alternate leaves are compound, imparipinnate, consisting of two or five pairs of elongated ovate leaflets; they range from 40 to 70 mm in length and bloom simultaneously with the flowers. The flowers are dioecious, small, greenish, the plants are monoecious. Staminate flowers consist of a six-lobed perianth and 12-18 stamens, collected in pendant catkins; pistillate flowers are sessile, located at the top of annual branches, singly or in groups of two or three, have a double perianth fused to the ovary. Walnut is a wind-pollinated plant.
The fruits are pseudomonomeric drupe-like nuts. The pericarp consists of a leathery exocarp covering a fibrous mesocarp and a lignified endocarp, which is a strong ovoid or spherical stone with two to five incomplete septa; When ripeness approaches, the peel of the fruit, when dried, bursts into two parts and separates by itself; the seed does not open by itself. Inside the woody shell is an edible seed. It usually blooms in May at the same time as the leaves bloom. Occasionally re-blooms in June. The fruits ripen in September-October and vary greatly in size, shape, taste, shell hardness, development of partitions, chemical composition and other indicators. The weight of one nut is 5-17 g, the kernel accounts for 40-58%.
Renews itself by seed and vegetative means. In the first year of life, seedlings form a powerful tap root, reaching 1.5 m by the age of five, and 3.5 m by the age of 20. From three to five years, horizontal roots develop, most of them are located at a depth of 20-50 cm. It is perfectly regenerated by stump shoots; shoot plants grow faster than seedlings. Plants of seed origin form single male inflorescences from seven to eight years of age and begin to bear fruit from 10 to 12 years of age. Full fruiting occurs only from 30-40 years. Copper plants produce their first fruits in the second year of life, and from 10-12 years they already produce a significant harvest. In favorable conditions, individual trees live up to 300-400 years, retaining the ability to bear fruit.
Introduced into the Botanical Garden. Seeds of this species were brought and sown in the Botanical Garden by Academician F.N. Rusanov in 1966. In the spring of 1966, they were sown in the nursery and the introduction of these species was studied; also in 1967 they were planted in the European-Crimean-Caucasian exposition. Currently, 1 adult year of a tree of this species grows in this exhibition.
